[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"compare-whatsapp-vs-threema":3},{"incumbent":4,"challenger":57,"comparison_summary":100,"alternatives":101,"indexable":27,"redirect":9},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"wikidata_qid":8,"gleif_lei":9,"isin":9,"ultimate_parent_id":9,"hq_country_code":10,"hq_city":11,"founded_year":12,"official_website":13,"manufacturing_countries":9,"logo_url":9,"description":14,"is_eu_headquartered":15,"is_eu_manufactured":15,"eu_score_label":16,"attributes":17,"data_quality":18,"enriched_at":19,"created_at":20,"updated_at":21,"ownership_type":22,"stock_exchange":23,"tax_domicile":24,"ultimate_parent_name":25,"ultimate_parent_country":10,"data_hosting_country":26,"cloud_act_exposure":27,"ai_training_on_user_data":28,"dsa_designation":29,"gdpr_fines_total_eur":30,"gdpr_compliance_status":31,"supply_chain_transparency":28,"sustainable_materials":32,"carbon_neutral":32,"repair_recycling_program":15,"pays_eu_taxes":33,"eu_regulatory_fines":34,"b_corp_certified":15,"ethical_certifications":35,"ownership_disclosed":27,"annual_report_published":27,"supply_chain_audit_published":15,"timeline_events":36,"extended_enriched_at":54,"category_primary_id":55,"category_secondary_id":9,"category_confidence":56},"8fbb4803-862b-41a3-a6c3-ee1b3c81285f","whatsapp","WhatsApp","Q1049511",null,"US","Menlo Park",2009,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whatsapp.com","WhatsApp is a messaging application owned by Meta Platforms Inc., used by over 2 billion people globally. Despite end-to-end encryption for messages, metadata — who you communicate with and when — is shared with Meta for advertising purposes.",false,"none",{},"complete","2026-07-20T16:42:02.799+00:00","2026-07-20T16:42:05.620909+00:00","2026-08-02T16:01:35.620405+00:00","subsidiary","NASDAQ","IE","Meta Platforms Inc.","mixed",true,"partial","VLOP",1391000000,"fined","no","disputed","Multiple fines by Irish DPC regarding transparency and data processing, including a 225M EUR fine in 2021 and 5.5M EUR in 2023.",[],[37,40,44,48,52],{"year":12,"title":38,"description":39},"Founded","WhatsApp Inc. founded by Jan Koum and Brian Acton.",{"year":41,"title":42,"description":43},2014,"Acquisition","Facebook (now Meta) acquires WhatsApp for approximately 19 billion USD.",{"year":45,"title":46,"description":47},2021,"GDPR Fine","Irish DPC fines WhatsApp 225 million EUR for failing to meet transparency requirements under GDPR.",{"year":49,"title":50,"description":51},2023,"DSA Designation","Designated as a Very Large Online Platform (VLOP) under the EU Digital Services Act.",{"year":49,"title":46,"description":53},"Irish DPC fines WhatsApp 5.5 million EUR regarding its legal basis for data processing.","2026-07-21T16:00:17.091+00:00","34d01698-f630-4942-8bac-0947fdc3eaaf",1,{"id":58,"slug":59,"name":60,"wikidata_qid":9,"gleif_lei":9,"isin":9,"ultimate_parent_id":9,"hq_country_code":61,"hq_city":62,"founded_year":63,"official_website":64,"manufacturing_countries":9,"logo_url":9,"description":65,"is_eu_headquartered":27,"is_eu_manufactured":27,"eu_score_label":66,"attributes":67,"data_quality":18,"enriched_at":19,"created_at":68,"updated_at":69,"ownership_type":70,"stock_exchange":71,"tax_domicile":61,"ultimate_parent_name":72,"ultimate_parent_country":61,"data_hosting_country":61,"cloud_act_exposure":15,"ai_training_on_user_data":32,"dsa_designation":73,"gdpr_fines_total_eur":74,"gdpr_compliance_status":75,"supply_chain_transparency":76,"sustainable_materials":77,"carbon_neutral":77,"repair_recycling_program":15,"pays_eu_taxes":78,"eu_regulatory_fines":9,"b_corp_certified":15,"ethical_certifications":79,"ownership_disclosed":27,"annual_report_published":15,"supply_chain_audit_published":15,"timeline_events":80,"extended_enriched_at":99,"category_primary_id":55,"category_secondary_id":9,"category_confidence":56},"5721800c-2aca-4e79-b70c-c8a4e75ba77c","threema","Threema","CH","Pfäffikon",2012,"https:\u002F\u002Fthreema.ch","Threema is a Swiss encrypted messaging app requiring no phone number or email to register, headquartered in Pfäffikon. It is fully anonymous by design, independently audited, and stores minimal metadata — a European alternative to WhatsApp.","eu_all",{},"2026-07-20T16:42:08.759969+00:00","2026-07-22T17:21:25.50968+00:00","private","null","Threema GmbH","standard",0,"compliant","opaque","unknown","yes",[],[81,83,87,91,95],{"year":63,"title":38,"description":82},"Threema was launched by Manuel Kasper and Silvan Engeler in Switzerland.",{"year":84,"title":85,"description":86},2013,"Introduction of Android app","Threema expanded its platform availability to the Android operating system.",{"year":88,"title":89,"description":90},2016,"Open Source Initiative","Threema began open-sourcing its app components to ensure transparency.",{"year":92,"title":93,"description":94},2020,"Threema Work launch","Expansion of the enterprise messaging solution for business and government sectors.",{"year":96,"title":97,"description":98},2022,"Threema Open Source complete","The entire app suite became fully open source, verified by independent audits.","2026-07-21T16:02:48.26+00:00","WhatsApp is owned by Meta and shares user metadata (who you talk to, when) for advertising. Threema is a Swiss app requiring no phone number or email, with minimal metadata collection and Swiss-hosted servers.",[102],{"id":103,"slug":104,"name":105,"description":106,"eu_score_label":66,"is_eu_headquartered":27,"hq_country_code":61},"0b5ff2ad-d77b-4817-aba8-fdd6b7a81ca9","wire-messaging","Wire","Wire is a Swiss end-to-end encrypted messaging platform for enterprises and governments, headquartered in Zug. It requires no phone number, is GDPR-compliant, and is used by European government bodies as a secure alternative to Slack and Microsoft Teams."]